What is CNC numerical control machining

Traditional mechanical processing is all carried out by manually operating ordinary machine tools. During processing, mechanical tools are manually turned to cut metals, and the precision of the products is measured by eyes with tools such as calipers. Modern industry has long been using computer-controlled machine tools for operations. CNC machine tools can automatically process any product and component directly according to the programs pre-written by technicians. This is what we call "numerical control machining". CNC numerical control machining is widely applied in any field of all mechanical processing and is also the development trend and an important and necessary technical means of mold processing. What is numerical control technology?

Computer digital Control, abbreviated as Numerical Control. It is a method of controlling the movement of machine tools and the processing process by using digital information. Machine tools that implement processing control with numerical control technology, or those equipped with numerical control systems, are called numerical control (NC) machine tools.

The numerical control system consists of components such as the numerical control device, programmable controller, spindle driver and feed device. CNC machine tools are highly integrated products of mechanics, electricity, hydraulics, pneumatics and optics. To achieve the control of machine tools, it is necessary to describe the relative motion between the cutting tool and the workpiece with geometric information and describe some process parameters that the machine tool processing must have with process information.

For example: feed rate, spindle speed, spindle forward and reverse rotation, tool change, coolant switch, etc. This information is formed into processing files (that is, the so-called numerical control processing programs in normal terms) in a certain format and stored on information carriers (such as disks, punched paper tapes, magnetic tapes, etc.), and then read in by the numerical control system on the machine tool (or directly input through the keyboard of the numerical control system, or input through communication methods). Through decoding, the machine tool operates and processes the parts. Modern CNC machine tools are typical products of mechatronics and serve as the technical foundation for new-generation production technologies, computer-integrated manufacturing systems, etc.

The development trends of modern CNC machine tools are high speed, high precision, high reliability, multi-functionality, integration, intelligence and open structure. The main development trend is to research and develop intelligent full-function universal numerical control devices with open structures for both software and hardware.

Numerical control technology is the foundation of mechanical processing automation and the core technology of numerical control machine tools. Its level is related to the strategic position of a country and reflects the level of a country's comprehensive strength. It has developed along with the advancement of information technology, microelectronics technology, automation technology and detection technology. A CNC machining center is a type of CNC machine tool equipped with a tool magazine and capable of automatically changing tools. It can perform various processing operations on workpieces within a certain range.

The characteristics of processing parts on a machining center are as follows: After the workpiece is clamped once, the numerical control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change tools according to different processes. Automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, feed rate and the trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions, continuously perform multiple processes such as drilling, 锪, reaming, boring, tapping and milling on each machined surface of the workpiece automatically.

Because the machining center can centrally and automatically complete multiple processes, it avoids human operational errors, reduces the time for workpiece clamping, measurement and machine tool adjustment, as well as the time for workpiece turnover, handling and storage, greatly improving processing efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, it has good economic benefits. Machining centers can be classified into vertical machining centers and horizontal machining centers based on the position of the spindle in space.

Numerical control technology and equipment are enabling technologies and the most fundamental equipment for the development of emerging high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries. The information industry, biotechnology industry, aviation, aerospace and other defense industries around the world widely adopt numerical control technology to enhance manufacturing capabilities and levels, as well as to improve market adaptability and competitiveness.

Industrialized developed countries also list numerical control technology and numerical control equipment as strategic materials of the state. They not only vigorously develop their own numerical control technology and industries, but also impose blockade and restriction policies on China in terms of "high-precision and advanced" numerical control key technologies and equipment. Therefore, vigorously developing advanced manufacturing technology with numerical control technology as the core has become an important way for developed countries around the world to accelerate economic development, enhance comprehensive national strength and national status.